Journal Publications

Stone, M.L., J.B. Solie, W.R. Raun, R.W. Whitney, S.L. Taylor and J.D. Ringer. 1996. Use of spectral radiance for correcting in-season fertilizer nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat. Trans. ASAE 39(5):1623-1631.

Solie, J.B., W.R. Raun, R.W. Whitney, M.L. Stone and J.D. Ringer. 1996. Optical sensor based field element size and sensing strategy for nitrogen application. Trans. ASAE 39(6):1983-1992.

Stone, Marvin L., John B. Solie, Richard W. Whitney, William R. Raun and Heather L. Lees. 1996. Sensors for detection of nitrogen in winter wheat. SAE Technical paper series.  SAE Paper No. 961757.  SAE, Warrendale PA.

Taylor, S.L., W.R. Raun, J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, and R.W. Whitney. 1998. Use of spectral radiance for correcting nitrogen deficiencies and estimating soil test variability in an established bermudagrass pasture. J. Plant Nutr. 21:2287-2302.

Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, G.V Johnson, M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, H.L. Lees, H. Sembiring and S.B. Phillips. 1998. Micro-variability in soil test, plant nutrient, and yield parameters in bermudagrass. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62:683-690.

Sembiring, H., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone and S.B. Phillips. 1998. Detection of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient status in bermudagrass using spectral radiance. J. Plant Nutr. 21:1189-1206.

Sembiring, H., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and S.B. Phillips. 1998. Detection of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient status in winter wheat using spectral radiance. J. Plant Nutr. 21:1207-1233.

Goedeken, Michael W., Gordon V. Johnson, William R. Raun and Steven B. Phillips. 1998. Soil test phosphorus crop response projections to variable rate application in winter wheat. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29:1731-1738.

Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, H. Sembiring, E.V. Lukina, J.M. LaRuffa, W.E. Thomason, S.B. Phillips, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and R.W. Whitney. 1998. Indirect measures of plant nutrients. Commun. In Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29:1571-1581.

Solie, J.B., W.R. Raun and M.L. Stone. 2000. Submeter spatial variability of selected soil and plant variables. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63:1724-1733

Lukina, E.V., M.L. Stone and W.R. Raun. 1999. Estimating vegetation coverage in wheat using digital images. J. Plant Nutr. 22:341-350.

Raun, W.R., and G.V. Johnson. 1999. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agron. J. 91:357-363.

Lukina, E.V., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, H.L. Lees, J.M. LaRuffa and S.B. Phillips. 1999. 2000. Effect of row spacing, growth stage, and nitrogen rate on spectral irradiance in winter wheat. J. Plant Nutr. 23:103-122.

Sembiring, H., H.L. Lees, W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, M.J. DeLeon, E.V. Lukina, D.A. Cossey, J.M. LaRuffa, C.W. Woolfolk, S.B. Phillips, and W.E. Thomason, . 2000. Effect of growth stage and variety on spectral radiance in winter wheat. J. Plant Nutr. 23:141-149. 

LaRuffa, J.M., W.R. Raun, S.B. Phillips, M.L. Stone and G.V. Johnson. 2001. Optimum field element size for maximum yields in winter wheat using variable nitrogen rates. J. Plant Nutr. 24:313-325.

Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, E.V. Lukina, W.E. Thomason and J.S. Schepers. 2001. In-season prediction of potential grain yield in winter wheat using canopy reflectance. Agron. J. 93:131-138.

Lukina, E.V., K.W. Freeman, K.J. Wynn, W.E. Thomason, R.W. Mullen, A.R. Klatt, G.V. Johnson, R.L. Elliott, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm based on in-season estimates of yield and plant nitrogen uptake. J. Plant Nutr. 24:885-898.

Mullen, R.W., W.E. Thomason, E.V. Lukina, K.W. Freeman, K.J. Wynn, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and W.R. Raun. 2001.  Use of an in-season response index to predict potential yield increases from applied nitrogen.  Agron. J

Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, R.W. Mullen, K.W. Freeman, W.E. Thomason, and E.V. Lukina. 2001. Improving nitrogen use efficiency in cereal grain production with optical sensing and variable rate application.  Agron. J.

Johnson, G.V., and W.R. Raun. 2001. Nitrogen response index as a guide to fertilizer management. Agron. J.

Thomason, W.E., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, K.W. Freeman, K.J. Wynn, and R.W. Mullen. 2001. Production system techniques to increase nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat.  J. Plant Nutr. 25:

Washmon, C.N., J.B. Solie, W.R. Raun, and D.D. Itenfisu. 2001. Within field variability in wheat grain yields over nine years in Oklahoma. J. Plant. Nutr. 25:

Patents

Stone, M.L., D. Needham, J.B. Solie, W.R. Raun, and G.V. Johnson. 2001. Optical spectral reflectance sensor and controller. Disclosed to the U.S. Patent Office, July, 2001.

Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, and M.L. Stone. 2001. A process for in-season fertilizer nitrogen application based on predicted yield potential.  Disclosed to the U.S. Patent Office, July 2001.

Websites

Raun, W.R., and G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and R.W. Whitney 1998. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for winter wheat production. www.dasnr.okstate.edu/nitrogen_use. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta. Stillwater, OK.

Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson and R.W. Whitney. 1998.  Precision agriculture in Oklahoma. www.dasnr.okstate.edu/precision_ag. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta. Stillwater, OK.

Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, and M.L. Stone. 2001.  Precision Agriculture, SOIL 4213. http://soil4213.okstate.edu. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta. Stillwater, OK.

Proceedings

P1. Raun, W.R., M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, S.L. Taylor, S.B. Phillips and G.V. Johnson. 1996. Use of spectral radiance for detecting in-season N deficiencies in winter wheat. In J.L. Havlin (ed.) Proc. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference.  6:8-13.

P2. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, H. Sembiring, H.L. Lees and S.L. Taylor. 1996. Potential replacement for traditional soil test calibration: sensor based plant analysis. In S.M. Combs (ed.)  Enhancing soil testing and recommendations to meet the future.  p. 27-32. ASA, annual meetings, Indianapolis IN.

P3. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, H. Sembiring, E.V. Lukina, J.M. LaRuffa, W.E. Thomason, S.B. Phillips, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and R.W. Whitney. 1997. Indirect measures of plant nutrients. p. 146-155. In Ann Wolf (ed.) International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium. Proc. Minneapolis, MN, Aug 2-7, 1997. Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Athens, GA.

P4. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, S.B. Phillips, J.L. Dennis, D.A. Cossey, J.M. LaRuffa, W.E. Thomason, E.V. Lukina, M.J. DeLeon, J.L. Rogers and W. Altom. 1998. Sensor based nutrient management. In Proc. Intensive Wheat Management Conference, Potash & Phosphate Institute. 1:18-24.

P5. Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson, E.V. Lukina, W.E. Thomason and J. Wang. 2000. In-season fertilizer nitrogen application based on predicted yield potential. In Alan J. Schlegel (ed.) Proc. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference.  8:64-68.

P6. Solie, J.B., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson, E.V. Lukina, W.E. Thomason, D.E. Needham and C.N. Washmon. 2000. In-season N fertilization using an in-season estimate of potential yield. In 5th International Conf. on Precision Agric. Minneapolis, MN.

Other Publications

OP1. Stone, M.L., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, R.W. Whitney, H. Sembiring, J.M. LaRuffa and E.V. Lukina. 1997. Sensing nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat and bermudagrass. Better Crops. 81:(4) 15-16.

OP2. Sembiring, H., J.M. LaRuffa, S.B. Phillips, E.V. Lukina, W.E. Thomason, J. Chen, H.L. Lees, D.A. Keahey, J.L. Dennis, D.A. Cossey, M.W. Goedeken, S.L. Norton, B.M. Howell, M.J. DeLeon, S.L.Taylor, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, N.T. Basta, J.A. Hattey, H. Zhang, R.L. Westerman, G.V. Johnson and W.R. Raun. 1997. Soil Fertility Research Highlights. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta., 364 pages.

OP3. Goedeken, Mick, Gordon Johnson and Bill Raun. 1998. Expectations of precision phosphate management. Better Crops. 82:(1) 28-31.

OP4. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, W.E. Thomason, and E.V. Lukina. 1999. In-season prediction of yield potential in winter wheat.  Better Crops. 83:(2) 24-25.

OP5. Lukina, E.V., K.W. Freeman, R.W. Mullen, K.J. Wynn, W.E. Thomason, Roger Teal, Jagadeesh Mosali, Tao Feng, D.E. Needham, C.N. Washmon, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, N.T. Basta, J.A. Hattey, H. Zhang, S. Deng, J.M. Shaver, R.L. Westerman, G.V. Johnson and W.R. Raun. 2000. Soil Fertility Research Highlights. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta., 342 pages.

Abstracts

A1. Stone, M.L., J.B. Solie, W.R. Raun, R.W. Whitney, J.D. Ringer and S.L. Taylor. 1995. Application of nitrogen fertilizer based on real-time sensed crop needs. p. 34. In Agricultural Equipment Technology Conference, ASAE. Chicago, Il.

A2. Solie, J.B., W.R. Raun, R.W. Whitney, M.L. Stone, and J.D. Ringer. 1995. Agronomic aspects of field element size and sensing strategy for nitrogen application to wheat.  p. 32. In Agricultural Equipment Technology Conference, ASAE. Chicago, Il. 

A3. Whitney, R.W., M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and W.R. Raun. 1995. Influence of variable rate system design on gross economic return. p. 39. In Agricultural Equipment Technology Conference, ASAE. Chicago, Il. 

A4. Taylor, S.L., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson, J.D. Ringer and J.B. Solie. 1996. Use of spectral radiance for correcting nitrogen deficiencies and estimating soil test variability within a transect of an established bermudagrass pasture. p. 89. Grad. Stud. Res. Symp. Okla. State. Univ. 

A5. Sembiring, H., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, H.L. Lees, J.B. Solie, J.D. Ringer and R.W. Whitney. 1996. Detection of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies in winter wheat using spectral radiance. p. 248. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A6. Lees, H.L., W.R. Raun, H. Sembiring, J.D. Ringer, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and R.W. Whitney. 1996. Sensor based variable nitrogen application in winter wheat, variety by nitrogen rate interaction. p.246. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A7. Taylor, S.L., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and J.S. Schepers. 1996. Use of spectral radiance for correcting nitrogen deficiencies and estimating soil test variability in an established bermudagrass pasture. p.246. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A8. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, H.L. Lees, S.L. Taylor, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and R.W. Whitney. 1996. Potential replacement for traditional soil test calibration-sensor based plant analysis. p. 312. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A9. Sembiring, H. W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, H.L. Lees, S.B. Phillips, and J.B. Solie. 1997.  Detection of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient status in bermudagrass using spectral radiance. Eighth Annual Grad. Stud. Res. Symp. Okla. State. Univ. 

A10. Lukina, E.V., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, H.L. Lees, J.M. LaRuffa and S.B. Phillips. 1997. Effect of row spacing, N rate and growth stage on spectral radiance in winter wheat. p.233. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.

A11. LaRuffa, J.M., W.R. Raun, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, G.V. Johnson, S.B. Philllips, and H. Sembiring. 1997. Optimum field element size for maximum yields in winter wheat using variable nitrogen rates. p.236. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A12. Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, H. Sembiring, E.V. Lukina, J.M. LaRuffa, W.E. Thomason. 1997. Micro-variability in soil test, plant nutrient and yield parameters in two bermudagrass pastures. p.237. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A13. Goedeken, M.W., G.V. Johnson, W.R. Raun, and S.B. Phillips. 1997. Soil test phosphorus crop response projections to variable rate phosphorus application. p. 167. In Ann Wolf (ed.) International Soil and Plant Analysis Symposium. Proc. Minneapolis, MN, Aug 2-7, 1997. Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Athens, GA.

A14. Stone, M.L., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, R.W. Whitney, H. Sembiring, J.M. LaRuffa and E.V. Lukina. 1997. Sensing nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat and bermudagrass. p. 47. In Grant Huggins (ed.) Red River Demonstration and Research Farm, Field Day Report.  Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK.

A15. Howell, B.M., G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, G.E. Bell, M.L. Stone, and W.R. Raun. 1998. Effectiveness of sensor based technology to detect nitrogen deficiencies in turfgrass. p.142. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.  

A16. LaRuffa, J.M., W.R. Raun, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson and S.B. Phillips. 1998. Optimum field element size for maximum yields in winter wheat using variable nitrogen rates. p.249. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A17. DeLeon, M.J., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, M.G. Rockley, N.T. Basta and S.B. Phillips. 1998. Use of artificial ultraviolet light for detecting phosphorus status of winter wheat. p.247. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A18. Raun, W.R., M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, R.L. Westerman, J.M. LaRuffa, S.B. Phillips and D.A. Cossey. 1998. Improving nitrogen use efficiency: use of a web site to share and disseminate information. p.248. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A19. Wang, J., W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, E.V. Lukina, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and W.E. Thomason. 1999. In-season nitrogen fertilization based on wheat yield potential. p. 252. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A20. Lukina, E.V., W.E. Thomason, W.R. Raun, G.V. Johnson, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and J.L. Dennis. 1999. Sensor-based detection of yield potential in winter wheat. p. 255. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A21. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, J.B. solie, M.L. Stone, E.V. Lukina, W.E. Thomason, J. Wang and C.W. Woolfolk. 1999. In-season prediction of yield potential in winter wheat. p. 261. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A22. Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, W.E. Thomason, J.B. Solie, K.J. Wynn, K.W. Freeman, and R.L. Westerman. 2000. Application of in season estimated yield for increasing wheat production and nitrogen use efficiency. p. 289. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.

A23. Lukina, E.V., K.W. Freeman, K.J. Wynn, W.E. Thomason, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and W.R. Raun. 2000. In-season nitrogen fertilization based on sensor estimated potential yield. p. 290. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A24. Thomason, W.E., K.W. Freeman, G.V. Johnson, R.W. Mullen, K.J. Wynn, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and W.R. Raun. 2000. Production system techniques for increasing nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat. p. 290. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A25. Johnson, G.V., W.R. Raun and R.W. Mullen. 2000. Nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by crop response index. p. 291. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A26. Freeman, K.W. W.E. Thomason, E.V. Lukina, G.V. Johnson, K.J. Wynn, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone and W.R. Raun. 2000. Late-season prediction of wheat grain yield and protein. p. 291. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A27. Mosali, J., W.E. Thomason, R.W. Mullen, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Applications of in-season reflectance for predicting yield potential in bermudagrass.  . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A28. Mullen, R.W., W.E. Thomason, G.V. Johnson, K.W. Freeman, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Use of an in-season response index to predict potential yield increases from applied nitrogen. . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A29. Freeman, K.W., W.E. Thomason, G.V. Johnson, R.W. Mullen, K.D. Sayre, J.B. Solie, I-Ortiz-Monasterio, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Late-season prediction of wheat grain yield and protein in Oklahoma and Mexico. . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A30. Sayre, K.D., K.F. Freeman, M.P. Reynolds, A.R. Klatt, W.E. Thomason, M. van Ginkel, R.W. Mullen, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Prediction of spring and winter wheat grain yields using indirect measures.  . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A31. Klatt, A.R., M. van Ginkel, K.D. Sayre, K.W. Freeman, I. Ortiz-Monasterio, W.E. Thomason, M.P. Reynolds, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Selecting for improved nitrogen use efficiency in wheat using sensor based technology. . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A32. Freeman, K.W., M.P. Reynolds, A.R. Hede, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, K.D. Sayre, and W.R. Raun. 2001. Using spectral reflectance to select forage potential in triticale genotypes. . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. 

A33. Raun, W.R., W.E. Thomason, G.V. Johnson, A.R. Klatt, K.W. Freeman, J.B. Solie, R.W. Mullen, and M.L. Stone. 2001. Application of a nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm for winter and spring wheat. . p.. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.  

Research Bulletins 

RB1.  Johnson, G.V., W.R. Raun, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and R.W. Whitney. 1996. Sensor-based variable rate technology in Oklahoma. Okla. Coop. Extension Serv. L-279.

RB2.    Stone, Marvin, John Solie, Richard Whitney, Bill Raun and Gordon Johnson. 1996. Sensor-based-precision-agriculture at OSU. Okla. Coop. Extension Serv. PT 96-10.

Graduated Students

1.      Sembiring, Hasil. 1993. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

2.      Ball, Jeff, 1995. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

3.      Phillips, Steven B. 1995. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

4.      Taylor, S.L. 1996. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

5.      J. Ringer, 1996, M.S. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

6.      Byron Criner, 1997, M.S. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

7.      Chen, J. 1997, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

8.      Lees, H.L., 1997, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

9.      Sembiring, H. 1997, Ph.D. Plant and Soil Sciences

10.   Thomason, W.E. 1998, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

11.   Lukina, E.V. 1998, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

12.   LaRuffa, Joanne M. 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

13.   Phillips, S.B. 1999, Ph.D. Plant and Soil Sciences

14.   DeLeon, Micah, 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

15.   Howell, Bryan, 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

16.   Dennis, Jeremy, 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

17.   Woolfolk, Curt, 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

18.   Cossey, Doug, 1999, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

19.   Needham, D, 2000. M.S. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

20.   Tsunemori, T. 2000. M.S. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

21.   Mullen, R.W. 2001. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

22.   Wynn, K. 2001. M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

23.   Thomason, W.E. 2001. Ph.D. Plant and Soil Sciences

24.   Lukina, E.V. 2001 Ph.D. Plant and Soil Sciences

25.   Freeman, K.W. 2001, M.S. Plant and Soil Sciences

Grants and Contracts 

G1 Stone, M.L., J.B. Solie, R.W. Whitney and W.R. Raun. 1994. Precision real-time split application of nitrogen based on crop needs. Submitted to OSU-Targeted Research Initiative, June 10, 1994 for $15100.  Funded for $15100, July 7, 1994.

G2 Raun, W.R., G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, R.W. Whitney. 1995. Implementation of sensor based variable rate technology for bermudagrass production in south central Oklahoma, October, 1995 for $100000.  Funded for $100000, November, 1995.

G3 Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson, M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, H. Sembiring and H.L. Lees. 1996.  Field element size for soil phosphorus and potassium in continuous production systems.  Submitted to the Potash Phosphate Institute, September 1996. Funded for $2000, December, 1996, $2000 in 1997, $2000 in 1998.

G4 Raun, W.R., M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie, G.V. Johnson and R.W. Whitney. 1997. Development of sensor-based technologies for detecting in-season nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat and bermudagrass.  Submitted to the Noble Foundation, February 1997.  Funded for $150,000, April, 1997.

G5 Solie, J.B., M.L. Stone, R.W. Whitney, J. Baird, G.V. Johnson, W.R. Raun and K. Conway. 1997. Development of optical sensor based variable rate technology for turfgrass management.  Submitted to John Deere and Co., February 1997.  Funded for $300,000, April, 1997.

G6 Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie and G.V. Johnson. 1998. Development of spectral indices to improve nitrogen use efficiency in wheat: Breaking the 50% use efficiency barrier. Submitted to International Research Support Program (IRSP), February, 1998, Funded for $4000, March, 1998.

G7 Raun, W.R., and M.L. Stone. 1999. Continued development of spectral indices to predict yield potential and improve nitrogen use efficiency in wheat. Submitted to International Research Support Program (IRSP), February, 1999, Funded for $4000, March, 1999.

G8 Stone, M.L., J.B. Solie, W.R. Raun and G.V. Johnson. 1999. Sensor-based, in-season estimated yield for winter wheat and bermudagrass. Submitted to the Noble Foundation, February 1999.  Funded for $50,000, April, 1999.

G9 Johnson, G.V., A.R. Klatt, R.F. Elliott, M.L. Stone, J.B. Solie and W.R. Raun. Application of in-season estimated yield for variable rate nitrogen application.  Submitted to the Noble Foundation, February 2000.  Funded for $175,000, April 2000.

G10 Solie, J.B., M.L. Stone, R. Elliott, G.V. Johnson, A.R. Klatt and W.R. Raun. Field Scale Applicator and System for In-Season Fertilizer Nitrogen Application Based on Optically Sensed Predicted Yield.  Submitted to the OSU Targeted Research Initiative Program, February 2000. Funded for $20000, April 2000.

G11 Raun, W.R., J.B. Solie and A.R. Klatt.  Continued Development of Spectral Indices to Predict Yield Potential and Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat.  Submitted to the OSU International Research Support Program (IRSP), February 2000, Funded for $4000, March, 2000.

G12 Raun, W.R, J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, G.V. Johnson, R. Elliott, A.R. Klatt, K.D. Sayre and M. Reynolds.  System for In-Season Fertilizer Nitrogen Application Based on Predicted Yield.  Submitted to the National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program, January 2000.  Submitted for $468,929, funded for $382,000, December 1, 2000.

G13 Johnson, G.V., J.B. Solie, M.L. Stone, K.D. Sayre, M.P. Reynolds, and S.B. Phillips. 2001. Field testing of a sensor-based applicator for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Submitted to Application of Geospatial and Precision Technologies (CSREES, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services), Competitive Grants Program, March, 2001 for $656,240, funded for $575,000, September 1, 2001.

Grant Total: $1,781,100